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Gian Carlo Menotti (; July 7, 1911 – February 1, 2007) was an Italian-American composer and librettist. Although he often referred to himself as an American composer, he kept his Italian citizenship.〔''The New York Times'', February 2, 2007〕 He wrote the classic Christmas opera ''Amahl and the Night Visitors'', along with over two dozen other operas intended to appeal to popular taste. He won the Pulitzer Prize twice, for ''The Consul'' (1950) and for ''The Saint of Bleecker Street'' (1955). He founded the noted ''Festival dei Due Mondi'' (Festival of the Two Worlds) in Spoleto in 1958 and its American counterpart, Spoleto Festival USA, in 1977. In 1986 he commenced a Melbourne Spoleto Festival in Australia, but he withdrew after three years. Menotti died on February 1, 2007, at the age of 95 in a hospital in Monte Carlo, Monaco, where he had a home. ==Early life and education== Born in Cadegliano-Viconago, Italy, near Lake Maggiore and the Swiss border, Menotti was the sixth of eight children of Alfonso and Ines Menotti,〔''Time'', Feb. 1, 2007〕 his father being a coffee merchant. Menotti began writing songs when he was seven years old, and at eleven wrote both the libretto and music for his first opera, ''The Death of Pierrot''. He began his formal musical training at the Milan Conservatory in 1923. Following her husband's death, Ines Menotti went to Colombia in a futile attempt to salvage the family's coffee business. She took Gian Carlo with her, and in 1928 she enrolled him at Philadelphia's Curtis Institute of Music, but she returned to Italy. Armed with a letter of introduction from the wife of Arturo Toscanini, Gian Carlo studied composition at Curtis under Rosario Scalero.〔(Gian Carlo Menotti )〕 Fellow students at Curtis included Leonard Bernstein and Samuel Barber. Barber became Menotti's partner in life and in work, with Menotti crafting the libretto for Barber's most famous opera, ''Vanessa'', which premiered at the Metropolitan Opera in 1958. As a student, Menotti spent much of his time with the Samuel Barber family in West Chester, Pennsylvania. After graduation, the two men bought a house together in Mount Kisco, New York, which they named "Capricorn" and shared for over forty years. 〔( Menotti, brief bio ) on answers.com〕 In 1974, Menotti adopted Francis "Chip" Phelan, an American actor and figure skater〔(Gian Carlo Menotti Biography ) on musicianguide.com〕〔("Gian Carlo Menotti: Opera composer of extraordinary popularity and founder of the Festival of Two Worlds at Spoleto" ), (Obit.), ''The Independent'' (London) 3 February 2007, on independent.co.uk〕 he had known since the early 1960s. In the same year, Menotti, persuaded by the good acoustics of the main room,〔Auslan Cramb, ("Scotland's Yester House on market for £15 million" ), ''The Telegraph'' (London), 12 Aug 2008〕〔(Overview of Yester House ) on scottish-places.info. Retrieved 21 January 2014〕 purchased the ancestral home of the Marquess of Tweeddale, Yester House, in the village of Gifford, East Lothian, in Scotland. While there, he jokingly referred to himself as "Mr McNotti". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gian Carlo Menotti」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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